Mikroskop:20141/annot
Z WikiSkript
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"idx": "20141+",
"txt_cz": "1. Langerhans\u016fv ostr\u016fvek",
"txt_en": "Langerhans\u00b4 islet",
"desc_cz": "Bu\u0148ky Langerhansov\u00fdch ostr\u016fvk\u016f maj\u00ed polygon\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar a jejich cytoplazma je sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v okoln\u00edm exokrinn\u00edm pankreatu. Jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do tr\u00e1mc\u016f (lep\u0161\u00ed komunikace s kapil\u00e1rami a tedy snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hormon\u016f do krve).\nPomoc\u00ed imunohistochemick\u00fdch metod lze rozeznat 4 typy bun\u011bk produkuj\u00edc\u00edch hormony: bu\u0148ky A (glukagon), B (inzulin), D (somatostatin) a PP (pankreatick\u00fd polypeptid).\n\n",
"desc_en": "Pancreas has an endocrine function for a secretion of various substances into the blood stream. Cells of the Langerhans islets (endocrine part) have polygonal shape and their cytoplasm stains lighter then this of the exocrine portion (serous acini). The endocrine cells are arranged in irregular cords (better communication with the fenestrated capillaries and therefore efficient delivery of the hormones in the blood stream).\nWith the help of immunohistochemistry we can recognize 4 types of hormone producing cells: A(glucagon), B (insulin), D (somatostatin) and Gamma or PP cells (pancreatic polypeptide).Pancreas has an endocrine function for a secretion of various substances into the blood stream. Cells of the Langerhans islets (endocrine part) have polygonal shape and their cytoplasm stains lighter then this of the exocrine portion (serous acini). The endocrine cells are arranged in irregular cords (better communication with the fenestrated capillaries and therefore efficient delivery of the hormones in the blood stream).\nWith the help of immunohistochemistry we can recognize 4 types of hormone producing cells: A(glucagon), B (insulin), D (somatostatin) and Gamma or PP cells (pancreatic polypeptide).",
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"txt_cz": "A-bu\u0148ka",
"txt_en": "A-cell",
"desc_cz": "A-bu\u0148ky produkuj\u00ed glukagon, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 hyperglykemizuj\u00edc\u00ed u\u010dinek (zvy\u0161uje hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi). ",
"desc_en": "A cells are producing glucagon, which has hyperglycemic effect (20% of total islet cells). ",
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"txt_cz": "B-bu\u0148ka",
"txt_en": "B-cell",
"desc_cz": "B-bu\u0148ky produkuj\u00ed inzulin, kter\u00fd usnad\u0148uje vstup gluk\u00f3zy do bun\u011bk. M\u00e1 tedy hypoglykemizuj\u00edc\u00ed u\u010dinek (sni\u017euje hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi). ",
"desc_en": "B cells are producing insulin, which facilitates entry of glucose into the cells. Therefore it has hypoglycemic effect. 70% of total islet cells. ",
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"txt_cz": "Centroacin\u00f3zn\u00ed bu\u0148ka",
"txt_en": "Centroacinar cell",
"desc_cz": "Centroacin\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ky jsou za\u010d\u00e1tkem vsunut\u00e9ho v\u00fdvodu exokrinn\u00edho pankreatu. Tento syst\u00e9m v\u00fdvod\u016f pokra\u010duje intralobul\u00e1rn\u00edmi, interlobul\u00e1rn\u00edmi a\u017e \u00fast\u00ed do hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdvod\u016f.\nCentroacin\u00e1rn\u00ed bu\u0148ky a bu\u0148ky vsunut\u00fdch v\u00fdvod\u016f pozn\u00e1me podle velmi sv\u011btl\u00e9 cytoplasmy a zrnit\u00e9ho chromatinu v oplo\u0161t\u011ble ov\u00e1ln\u00fdch j\u00e1drech.",
"desc_en": "Centroacinar cells are squamous cells in the exocrine pancreas, which represent the intercalated duct cells within the serous acinus.\nPancreatic juice flows from the acinus, to intercalated ducts, interlobular and intralobular excretory ducts, interlobular up to main ducts until the orifice to the duodenum (papilla Vateri). We can recognize intercalated duct cells by a lighter cytoplasm and granullar chromatin structure within the oval nuclei.",
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"txt_cz": "Ductus pancreaticus",
"txt_en": "Pancreatic duct",
"desc_cz": "Jeden z hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdvod\u016f pankreatu, do kter\u00e9ho \u00fast\u00ed lob\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdvody. Je vystl\u00e1n dvou\u0159ad\u00fdm cylindrick\u00fdm epitelem. Spole\u010dn\u011b \u00fast\u00ed do ductus pancreaticus minor a ductus pancreaticus major a pak do duodena v m\u00edst\u011b papila duodeni major (Vatersk\u00e1 papila), v 80 % spole\u010dn\u011b se \u017elu\u010dovodem.",
"desc_en": "One of the main pancreatic outlet into which interlobular duct are emptying. It is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with two layers of nuclei. Together the lobar ducts lead to minor and major pancreatic ducts which then open into dudodenum at the duodenal papilla (papila Vateri); in 80 % of the cases together with bile duct.",
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"txt_cz": "Interlobul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdvod",
"txt_en": "Interlobular duct",
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"txt_cz": "Lobul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdvody \u00fast\u00edc\u00ed do interlobzl\u00e1rn\u00edho v\u00fdvodu",
"txt_en": "Lobular ducts opened into the interlobular ones",
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"txt_cz": "Nevov\u00fd svazek",
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"txt_cz": "Serosn\u00ed acinus",
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"desc_cz": "Ser\u00f3zn\u00ed aciny tvo\u0159\u00ed exokrinn\u00ed pankreas. \nTvo\u0159\u00ed je dob\u0159e se barv\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky pyramidov\u00e9ho tvaru s kulat\u00fdmi j\u00e1dry v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti bu\u0148ky. Produkuj\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00ed enzymy, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pankreatick\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy, je\u017e je odv\u00e1d\u011bna do duodena. Ze ser\u00f3zn\u00edch acin\u016f vedou vsunut\u00e9 v\u00fdvody, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi tenk\u00e9, s \u00fazk\u00fdm luminem, a tak se pankreatick\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1va rychle posouv\u00e1, aby bu\u0148ky v\u00fdstelky nebyly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho v kontaktu s v n\u00ed obsa\u017een\u00fdmi enzymy.",
"desc_en": "Pancreas also has an exocrine function for the secretion of the digestive enzymes and bicarbonate. Acinar cells are pyramidal in shape with round, basaly located nuclei. They are basophilic (GER) and have acidophilic zymogen granules apically. They contain digestive enzymes (proteolytic exo- and endopeptidases, alpha-amylase, lipases and nucleic acid lytic enzymes) which are secreted into the duodenum.\nSerous acini open into intercalated ducts, which are long and thin, and move the pancreatic juice quickly (into the intralobular collecting duct) so that they are not in contact with the pancreatic enzymes for too long.",
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"idx": "20141+",
"txt_cz": "Sinusoidn\u00ed kapil\u00e1ra",
"txt_en": "Sinusoidal capillary",
"desc_cz": "Sinusoidn\u00ed kapil\u00e1ra je mal\u00e1 c\u00e9va s nepravideln\u00fdm luminem s fenestrovan\u00fdm endotelem. Tyto sinusoidn\u00ed kapil\u00e1ry jsou popisov\u00e1ny jako nespojit\u00fd typ, kter\u00fd je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd transport materi\u00e1lu. Mezi endotelov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami jsou \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161t\u011brbiny (fenestrace), v cytoplaz\u00admatick\u00e9m listu jsou \u010detn\u00e9 p\u00f3ry, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou sinusoidn\u00ed kapil\u00e1ry velmi permeabiln\u00ed. ",
"desc_en": "Small blood vessel that is a type of capillary similar to a fenestrated endothelium. They are described as discontinuous type which is important for the increased transport of the material. They have open spaces between endothelial cells as well as pores in the leaflet of cytoplasm and therefore are very permeable.",
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